Winter is around the corner, and in anticipation of seasonal temperature changes it’s important to take some precautions for those who work outdoors during the colder months.
There are two common cold weather-related illnesses to beware of; here’s a quick summary along with warning signs and treatment best practices:
- Hypothermia can occur when being exposed to cold temperatures and, in some cases, cool (above 40 degrees) temperatures. Simply stated, Hypothermia occurs when your body begins to lose heat faster than it can produce heat. When body temperature drops below 95 degrees, an emergency situation exists in which the brain’s ability to think clearly is compromised; dexterity and the ability to move well can also be affected. This makes hypothermia dangerous because a person may not be aware of or know what is happening. Those most affected by hypothermia are the elderly, babies sleeping in cold rooms, children left unattended in poorly-heated space, adults under the influence of alcohol, the mentally impaired, and people spending long periods of time outdoors (homeless, hikers, and hunters, those who work outdoors). Warning signs hypothermia might be setting in are: shivering/exhaustion, very low energy, confusion, fumbling hands, memory loss, slurred speech, drowsiness, red skin and becoming cold to touch. In severe cases a victim may lose consciousness. If you notice any of these signs, it is important to take action immediately by seeking professional medical attention. If there is a delay in getting medical attention, warm the victim by moving indoors or to some sort of shelter and remove any wet clothing. Warm the center of the body first (chest, neck, head and groin) using dry warm blankets, towels or clothing or even better skin to skin contact. If a warm beverage is available have the victim consume it slowly (not alcohol).
- Frostbite is an injury to the body that is caused by freezing. Frostbite causes loss of feeling and color in the affected area. It most often occurs in the nose, ears, cheeks, chin, fingers or toes (extremities). Frostbite can cause permanent damage to the body and in severe cases can lead to amputation. Warning signs of frostbite are; white/grayish-yellow skin, skin that feels unusually firm or waxy, and numbness. As in some cases of hypothermia, the victim is often unaware of frostbite until someone else points it out. Hypothermia is a more serious condition so if the victim is also experiencing hypothermia they should seek medical attention immediately. While waiting for medical attention, move to a warm space. If the frostbite is in your toes do not walk or stand, as this can increase the damage (unless absolutely necessary). Immerse affected area into warm, not hot, water, or warm the area by body heat. Do not rub the frostbitten area with snow or massage it at all, because this can cause more damage. Do not use a heating pad, light stove or fireplace, as the affected areas are most likely numb and can be easily burned.